Peptides are short chains of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are distinguished from proteins on the basis of size, as a peptide contains fewer than 50 amino acids.
Some key things to know about peptides:
- Function: Like proteins, peptides play many critical roles in the body including cell signaling, immune function, hormone action and more. Some specific peptides like glutathione protect cells from damage.
- Production: Peptides can be naturally produced in the body. Many are generated when proteins are broken down during digestion or other cellular processes. Peptides are also synthetically produced as medications and supplements.
Now let's get into some more peptide specifics:
- Size
- Peptides typically contain 2-50 amino acids. Short peptide chains may be called dipeptides (two amino acids) or tripeptides (three amino acids).
- Longer chains are called polypeptides. At around 50 amino acids, they become full proteins.
- Types
- Some common naturally occurring peptides include glutathione, carnosine and alpha-lipoic acid.
- Synthetic peptides used as drugs and supplements include BPC-157, TB-500, Sermorelin and Ipamorelin.
- Functions
- Cell signaling - Peptides act as cellular messengers and play a role in processes like tissue repair and inflammation.
- Immunity - Certain peptides boost immune function or have antimicrobial properties.
- Growth & repair - Many peptides stimulate tissue and muscle growth and regeneration. This makes them useful for healing injuries.
So in summary,
peptides are short chains of amino acids that play diverse and critical roles related to cell signaling, immunity, hormone regulation, growth and healing. Supplementing with particular peptides can promote anti-aging, muscle building, fat loss and recovery.