Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone tissue and bone structure. This leads to an increased risk of bone fractures, especially in the hip, spine and wrist.
Some key facts about osteoporosis:
- It is often called a "silent disease" as there are usually no symptoms until a fracture occurs
- It affects approximately 10 million Americans, 80% of whom are women
- It can develop at any age but risk increases dramatically for women after menopause due to estrogen decline
- Major risk factors include family history, low calcium and vitamin D intake, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and lack of exercise
What causes osteoporosis?
There are several factors that contribute to the development of osteoporosis:
- Hormonal changes - in women, lower estrogen levels after menopause accelerate bone loss
- Nutritional deficiencies - low calcium, vitamin D and other key nutrients can lead to weaker bones
- Genetics - those with a family history of osteoporosis are at higher risk
- Lifestyle factors - smoking, excessive alcohol, lack of exercise, low body weight all raise osteoporosis risk
As we age, bone resorption outpaces bone formation, leading to weaker, more porous bones over time. Our bones do not rebuild themselves as quickly as when we were younger.
Preventing and treating osteoporosis
The key objectives are to prevent bone loss, build strong bones, and reduce fracture risk. Some tips:
- Get sufficient calcium and vitamin D from the diet or supplements
- Perform weight-bearing and resistance exercises
- Maintain a healthy body weight
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake
- Take bone-strengthening medication if prescribed
Medical treatments for osteoporosis include bisphosphonates (to slow bone loss), parathyroid hormone (to stimulate bone formation), and estrogen therapy.
I hope this overview on osteoporosis - what it is, what causes it, and how to prevent/treat it - has been helpful! Please let me know if you have any other questions.